IELTS Writing
Task 2: problem and solution essays
These questions ask about the problems or causes of an issue and the solutions or effects. Answer every part of the question: if it asks for causes and solutions, give both.
Link your solutions to the problems you described, and explain how each solution would work, not just what it is.
A four-paragraph plan
- Introduction: paraphrase the question and state your answer or position clearly.
- Body paragraph 1: one main idea, explained, with a specific example.
- Body paragraph 2: a second main idea (or the other side), explained and supported.
- Conclusion: restate your position in new words; no new ideas.
More practice: IELTS Writing Task 2 questions by topic →
How to answer
Recognising Problem Questions
- A problem-solution prompt asks you to explain problems, propose solutions, or do both.
- Look for phrases such as “What problems does this cause?” and “What measures could address it?”
- When asked about problems, describe effects of the issue. Do not confuse these with reasons why it began.
- Make a note of each requested part so your response covers both problems and solutions when required.
Example: Prompt: worsening traffic congestion. “In many areas, traffic congestion is becoming worse. What problems does this cause, and what measures could be taken to address it?” The prompt requires two things: explain problems caused by congestion, such as delayed journeys, and suggest measures, such as improving public transport.
Developing Cause and Effect
- Name the cause, then show the mechanism that links it to the consequence.
- If the effect is not immediate, explain each step in the chain.
- Check that each consequence follows logically from the point before it.
- Use one clear cause-and-effect signal, such as "because" or "so"; avoid repeating the same link.
Example: Task 2: Should private cars be restricted in city centres?. Restricting private cars in central areas can reduce congestion. With fewer vehicles competing for road space, traffic can move more steadily. Buses are then less likely to be held up, so their journey times become more reliable. This gives commuters a practical reason to choose the bus rather than drive.
Explaining Supporting Ideas
- After stating a supporting idea, explain why it matters to the exact claim in the essay question.
- Ask “So what?” Your next sentence should show the significance of the idea, not repeat it in different words.
- Make the connection clear with wording such as “This matters because…” or “This supports the view that…”.
- Keep the explanation focused on your position; do not introduce a separate supporting point.
Example: Essay question: Some people believe university should be free for all students. To what extent do you agree or disagree?. I agree that tuition should be publicly funded. Without fees, a student's access to university would depend less on family income. This matters because the question is whether everyone should have a fair chance to enter higher education. Removing the fee barrier therefore makes access more equitable.
Practise
Short items from the ielts.coach lessons. Answer them, then check to see why each answer is right.
1A prompt asks: “Household waste is increasing. What problems does this cause, and what measures could reduce it?” Which two parts must the response cover?
2A prompt asks: “More adults are sleeping too little. What problems can this cause, and what solutions can employers and individuals adopt?” Which outline matches the request?
3Which option presents a clear cause-and-effect chain?
4A paragraph says: "When schools provide free breakfasts, fewer pupils arrive hungry. ___ As a result, they can concentrate more easily in morning lessons." Which sentence best completes the causal link?
5Essay question: “Some people think libraries are unnecessary because information is available online. To what extent do you agree?” Read the paragraph: “Libraries remain necessary because they provide a shared place for study. Their value is not limited to storing information; they also give people a reliable setting in which to use it. This challenges the claim that online information alone makes libraries unnecessary.” Which sentence best explains how the supporting idea answers the question?
6Essay question: “Should employers allow flexible working hours?” Supporting idea: Flexible hours can help workers manage responsibilities outside work. Which sentence best explains how this supports allowing flexible hours?
7Complete the sentence: “A useful explanation makes the link between a supporting idea and the essay ____ clear.”
Test hacks
Task 1 needs an overview
Write a sentence that sums up the main trends or the biggest differences, without numbers. Many writers skip it.
Why it works: An overview is essential for a high Task Achievement score.
Answer every part of Task 2
Underline each question in the prompt. A two-part question needs two clear answers.
Why it works: Missing part of the task limits your Task Response score, however good your English is.
Give Task 2 more time
Spend about 20 minutes on Task 1 (150+ words) and 40 minutes on Task 2 (250+ words).
Why it works: Task 2 counts for twice as much as Task 1 in your Writing score.
Practise with feedback on every answer
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